Phosphorus (P), from the Greek word for the planet Venus, meaning “light-bearer”, is an unstable element with 3 allotropes: white, red, and black. White phosphorus ignites spontaneously when exposed to air at room temperature, and violently in water. It is a vital enement in plant and animal biology, including a significant role in DNA. Its used extensively in agriculture, accounting for 95% of its production.

Phosphorus was first isolated from urine, which can be done at home. However, red phosphorus can be obtained from matchbox strikers by simply dampening the striker and scraping it off. Wash it in acetone (nail polish remover) to clean off the glue, decant the acetone, and allow the red paste to dry on paper towel.